Migraines are recurrent periodic attacks of severe headaches which are thought to be caused by an initial constriction of arteries within the skull, followed by dilatation of the same blood vessels. Attacks may last from several hours to several days. Severe attacks may be associated with bowel disturbances, especially nausea and vomiting. Visual disturbances, dizziness, drowsiness and loss of coordination may also occur. Migraines may affect the whole head but they may also be confined to one side. They affect women more commonly than men. Attacks may be triggered by many factors. Emotional stress is a common trigger. Physical stresses e.g. sleep-deprivation, excessive exercise, head injury, exposure to extremes of temperature and bright lights may all be triggers. Foods and drugs may also bring on attacks e.g. alcohol, chocolate, citrus fruits, cheese, dyes and preservatives, oestrogens, nitrates.

Acupuncture can be effective in the treatment of acute migraines. The condition responds very well if treatment is given early, but is less responsive when treatment is given after symptoms become severe. The main role of acupuncture is however in the prophylactic treatment of migraines.